tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-43255014730545261702024-03-05T11:32:25.441-08:00English Class NotesFun thoughts and perspectives on learning the English language.Lizzcaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13594517939494231360noreply@blogger.comBlogger30125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4325501473054526170.post-26629665306449693742019-04-16T09:15:00.000-07:002019-04-16T09:15:40.505-07:00Common American Expressions 1 <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://englishinteractive.net/vocabulary/Common-Expressions/audio/afteryou.mp3" style="background-color: #d2ccff; color: #0000cc; font-family: Arial, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">After you!</a><span style="background-color: #d2ccff; font-family: "arial" , "geneva" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"> </span><a href="http://englishinteractive.net/vocabulary/Common-Expressions/audio/allowme.mp3" style="background-color: #d2ccff; color: #0000cc; font-family: Arial, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;">Allow me!</a><span style="background-color: #d2ccff; font-family: "arial" , "geneva" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"> </span><a href="http://englishinteractive.net/vocabulary/Common-Expressions/audio/beatsme.mp3" style="background-color: #d2ccff; color: #0000cc; font-family: Arial, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;">Beats me!</a><span style="background-color: #d2ccff; font-family: "arial" , "geneva" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"> </span><a href="http://englishinteractive.net/vocabulary/Common-Expressions/audio/believeyoume.mp3" style="background-color: #d2ccff; color: #0000cc; font-family: Arial, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;">Believe you me!</a><span style="background-color: #d2ccff; font-family: "arial" , "geneva" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"> </span><br />
<a href="http://englishinteractive.net/vocabulary/Common-Expressions/audio/betterleftunsaid.mp3" style="background-color: #d2ccff; color: #0000cc; font-family: Arial, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;">Better left unsaid!</a><span style="background-color: #d2ccff; font-family: "arial" , "geneva" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"> </span><a href="http://englishinteractive.net/vocabulary/Common-Expressions/audio/biteyourtongue.mp3" style="background-color: #d2ccff; color: #0000cc; font-family: Arial, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;">Bite your tongue!</a><span style="background-color: #d2ccff; font-family: "arial" , "geneva" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"> </span><a href="http://englishinteractive.net/vocabulary/Common-Expressions/audio/bottomsup.mp3" style="background-color: #d2ccff; color: #0000cc; font-family: Arial, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;">Bottoms up!</a><span style="background-color: #d2ccff; font-family: "arial" , "geneva" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"> </span><br />
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<b>Click on each phrase to hear it spoken.</b></h3>
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Visit this exercise to practice the expressions:</b></h3>
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Hajihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04808216862584311004noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4325501473054526170.post-10391520634193572992016-03-30T11:48:00.000-07:002016-03-30T11:49:54.953-07:00Advanced English For Professionals<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Resources and personal help to improve your English as you go through your busy life.</span><br />
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<a href="http://advancedenglishforprofessionals.com/" target="_blank">Advanced English for Professionals</a></h3>
Lizzcaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13594517939494231360noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4325501473054526170.post-28700023875336862772015-12-20T16:30:00.000-08:002016-03-30T11:50:11.668-07:00My Protopage: Curriculum Links<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Here is the link to <a href="http://protopage.com/lizzcap" target="_blank">my Protopage</a></span><br />
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<span style="color: #134f5c; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">It has my calendar and curriculum links for learning and improving English for all levels and ages.</span>Lizzcaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13594517939494231360noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4325501473054526170.post-13469919526825369202015-12-20T16:19:00.001-08:002015-12-20T16:37:41.059-08:00After You<div style="background-color: white; line-height: 21.4667px; margin-bottom: 6px;">
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<span style="color: #990000; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">After you</span></h2>
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<b style="color: #274e13; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="http://englishinteractive.net/vocabulary/Common-Expressions/AmeriPhrases-1.html" target="_blank">Common-Expressions in Practice</a></b></h3>
<span style="color: #45818e; font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b>This is an invitation to go first.</b></span><br />
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<b><span style="color: #134f5c; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">People typically utter this phrase whenever they open a door for another person.</span></b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjT2-n2SwRsc0uZEbPAr7gvjiwiR_JGs1g3wycvSaO-9aFGLZMirz4GG2BaZYy1mzcah5j6EVQFO5qku0LFgLF4D0cwy4GTpdUxx-UXJcRTsL099LY9ubJNTLfINdLy2kRAA_4nZbt9v9g8/s1600/man-opening-door-for-woman.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: #134f5c; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjT2-n2SwRsc0uZEbPAr7gvjiwiR_JGs1g3wycvSaO-9aFGLZMirz4GG2BaZYy1mzcah5j6EVQFO5qku0LFgLF4D0cwy4GTpdUxx-UXJcRTsL099LY9ubJNTLfINdLy2kRAA_4nZbt9v9g8/s320/man-opening-door-for-woman.jpg" width="246" /></span></a></div>
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<b style="background-color: white; line-height: 21.4667px;"><span style="color: #134f5c; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">It is a common expression of politeness, </span></b><b style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21.4667px;"> </b><b style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.4667px;"> <a href="http://englishinteractive.net/vocabulary/Common-Expressions/AmeriPhrases-1.html" target="_blank">Common-Expressions in Practice</a></b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx6W_VPxTph0y4cp8qsReHSrPSXr8ox4Ub_C5sITHDULOzJ9FvITHI_Hahn_LDUi3CT8t8jaQTmGSwemvwoirHgJfTpbec-oHPXluMc-lYOJ7A4_BEgFVjhPTKYLqL1ysWCjv65hR92eKs/s1600/animals-lemmings-suicidal-cliff-jumps-jumpers-mlyn188_low.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx6W_VPxTph0y4cp8qsReHSrPSXr8ox4Ub_C5sITHDULOzJ9FvITHI_Hahn_LDUi3CT8t8jaQTmGSwemvwoirHgJfTpbec-oHPXluMc-lYOJ7A4_BEgFVjhPTKYLqL1ysWCjv65hR92eKs/s320/animals-lemmings-suicidal-cliff-jumps-jumpers-mlyn188_low.jpg" width="303" /></a></div>
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<b style="background-color: white; line-height: 21.4667px;"><span style="color: #134f5c; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">but when the invitation is to be the first to do something daring, then it is more of an expression of cowardice.</span></b><b style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21.4667px;"> </b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif_Q0IJEHVuufLkfHwowTL3QSFUW2g9xn553zOS5Vj1TU6msJegjhtXd45yisvTlAfnTb5ji2zNkpLhGhTe64rvVwGKVYL5Z0eTEXIkzbxUpPsbxE__vboeMw_7QXl_6a5FgZLbvFHfP75/s1600/canadian-lemmings.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="348" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif_Q0IJEHVuufLkfHwowTL3QSFUW2g9xn553zOS5Vj1TU6msJegjhtXd45yisvTlAfnTb5ji2zNkpLhGhTe64rvVwGKVYL5Z0eTEXIkzbxUpPsbxE__vboeMw_7QXl_6a5FgZLbvFHfP75/s400/canadian-lemmings.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b style="background-color: white; color: #274e13; font-family: helvetica, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.4667px;"><a href="http://englishinteractive.net/vocabulary/Common-Expressions/AmeriPhrases-1.html" target="_blank">Common-Expressions in Practice</a></b></div>
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Lizzcaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13594517939494231360noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4325501473054526170.post-40301196283668603132014-12-09T23:18:00.001-08:002014-12-09T23:35:51.363-08:00Common American Expressions 1<a href="http://englishinteractive.net/vocabulary/Common-Expressions/audio/afteryou.mp3" style="background-color: #d2ccff; color: #0000cc; font-family: Arial, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">After you!</a><span style="background-color: #d2ccff; font-family: Arial, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"> </span><a href="http://englishinteractive.net/vocabulary/Common-Expressions/audio/allowme.mp3" style="background-color: #d2ccff; color: #0000cc; font-family: Arial, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;">Allow me!</a><span style="background-color: #d2ccff; font-family: Arial, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"> </span><a href="http://englishinteractive.net/vocabulary/Common-Expressions/audio/beatsme.mp3" style="background-color: #d2ccff; color: #0000cc; font-family: Arial, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;">Beats me!</a><span style="background-color: #d2ccff; font-family: Arial, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"> </span><a href="http://englishinteractive.net/vocabulary/Common-Expressions/audio/believeyoume.mp3" style="background-color: #d2ccff; color: #0000cc; font-family: Arial, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;">Believe you me!</a><span style="background-color: #d2ccff; font-family: Arial, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"> </span><br />
<a href="http://englishinteractive.net/vocabulary/Common-Expressions/audio/betterleftunsaid.mp3" style="background-color: #d2ccff; color: #0000cc; font-family: Arial, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;">Better left unsaid!</a><span style="background-color: #d2ccff; font-family: Arial, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"> </span><a href="http://englishinteractive.net/vocabulary/Common-Expressions/audio/biteyourtongue.mp3" style="background-color: #d2ccff; color: #0000cc; font-family: Arial, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;">Bite your tongue!</a><span style="background-color: #d2ccff; font-family: Arial, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"> </span><a href="http://englishinteractive.net/vocabulary/Common-Expressions/audio/bottomsup.mp3" style="background-color: #d2ccff; color: #0000cc; font-family: Arial, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; text-decoration: none;">Bottoms up!</a><span style="background-color: #d2ccff; font-family: Arial, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"> </span><br />
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Click on each phrase to hear it spoken.<br />
Visit this exercise to practice the expressions:<br />
<a href="http://englishinteractive.net/vocabulary/Common-Expressions/AmeriPhrases-1.html" target="_blank">Common American Expressions 1</a><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">http://englishinteractive.net/vocabulary/Common-Expressions/AmeriPhrases-1.html</span>Lizzcaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13594517939494231360noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4325501473054526170.post-70824691979798578132014-12-07T18:33:00.000-08:002016-06-03T09:46:38.608-07:00Probability of Modal Verbs<h2>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Modal verbs for probability</span></h2>
<span id="docs-internal-guid-2100ad11-2779-c47b-a43b-ee0f57a97df8"><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 20px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A modal verb is a word that expresses mood or attitude toward the action verb.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b> Obligation </b>- must, have to, ought to, be supposed to, should</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b> Volition</b></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> - want to, would like to, intend to</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b> Ability</b></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> - can, could, be able to</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><b> Desire</b> - want, want to, would like to, like to, love to, would love/hate to</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b> Probability</b></span><span style="font-family: "arial"; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> - may be, might be, could be, can be, will be.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Using <span style="color: purple;"><b>modal verbs to express probability</b></span> is sometimes a source of confusion for English learners.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The modal verbs below are the <i>indicative </i>case. They indicate a fact or actuality.</span><br />
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i>Indicative</i></span></h3>
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-2100ad11-2761-b779-1ac3-0451e675eeb6"><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 26px; white-space: pre-wrap;"> 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50%</span></span></span></div>
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-2100ad11-2761-b779-1ac3-0451e675eeb6"><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: x-large;"><span style="line-height: 26px; white-space: pre-wrap;"> shall will want to must can may</span></span></span></div>
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-2100ad11-2761-b779-1ac3-0451e675eeb6"><b id="docs-internal-guid-2100ad11-2762-f49d-bb96-9eab00605de4"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">If the Almighty says it </span>shall<span style="font-weight: normal;"> rain, then it shall rain with </span>100%<span style="font-weight: normal;"> certainty.</span></span></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">If the weatherman says it </span>will<span style="font-weight: normal;"> rain, it will rain with about </span>90%<span style="font-weight: normal;"> certainty. (He's only human.)</span></span></b></div>
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-2100ad11-2761-b779-1ac3-0451e675eeb6"><b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">If there are dark, stormy clouds in the sky and the wind is blowing hard, we might say "It </span>wants to <span style="font-weight: normal;">rain," but the probability is only around </span>80%<span style="font-weight: normal;"> that it will indeed rain.</span></span></b></span></div>
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-2100ad11-2761-b779-1ac3-0451e675eeb6"><b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">If it hasn't rained in a while, and the humidity is high, you can say "it </span>must<span style="font-weight: normal;"> rain," but the probability that it will (do as it must) is only around </span>70%<span style="font-weight: normal;">.</span></span></b></span></div>
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-2100ad11-2761-b779-1ac3-0451e675eeb6"><b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">If the weatherman has said there is a </span>60%<span style="font-weight: normal;"> chance of rain, then be prepared because it </span>can<span style="font-weight: normal;"> rain even if you hope it won't.</span></span></b></span></div>
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-2100ad11-2761-b779-1ac3-0451e675eeb6"><b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">If the weather report calls for only a </span>50% <span style="font-weight: normal;">chance, then you have more reason to hope, but it </span>may<span style="font-weight: normal;"> still rain in spite of your optimism.</span></span></b></span></div>
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-2100ad11-2761-b779-1ac3-0451e675eeb6">
<b><span style="color: purple; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><i>Subjunctive</i></span></b></span></h3>
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-2100ad11-2761-b779-1ac3-0451e675eeb6"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The modal verbs below are the </span><i><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">subjunctive </span></i><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">case. They express what is imagined or wished for. </span></span></div>
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-2100ad11-2761-b779-1ac3-0451e675eeb6"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Each indicative modal verb has a subjunctive partner which c<i>uts the probability in half</i>.</span></span></div>
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-2100ad11-2761-b779-1ac3-0451e675eeb6"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="line-height: 36px; white-space: pre-wrap;"> 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25%</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: large; line-height: 56px; white-space: pre-wrap;">should would would like to ought to could might</span><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">While a declaration using "shall" shows certain and definite intentions, using "should" throws the intention into complete doubt. </span></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-2100ad11-2761-b779-1ac3-0451e675eeb6">
</span>
</span><br />
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">If a smoker says "I </span>should<span style="font-weight: normal;"> quit smoking," there is a </span>50%<span style="font-weight: normal;"> chance that he/she won't do it, so it sounds doubtful. However, if your boss says "I should give you a raise," it might sound hopeful to you. Beware though that there is still only a 50% chance that you will get that raise, so don't count on it too heavily.</span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span id="docs-internal-guid-2100ad11-2761-b779-1ac3-0451e675eeb6"><b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">If you ask a friend to help you do a task, and they reply "I </span>would<span style="font-weight: normal;">..," then you know you will soon hear the word "but..," and the chances that your friend will actually help you are only </span>45%<span style="font-weight: normal;"> - less than half, but still a possibility. Instead of "but" the next word could be "if" which means that if certain conditions are met, your friend would indeed come through for you.</span></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">If, however, your friend says "I </span><b style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">would like to</b><span style="font-weight: normal;">..," you can be sure that the next word is "but" and that the likelihood of getting help from this friend is only </span><b style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">40%</b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Returning to the smoker who says "I ought to quit smoking," you can be fairly certain that he/she has little intention of quitting. Even if they <b>must </b>(<b>70%</b>), using the words "</span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>ought to</b></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">" drops the probability to a mere </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><b>35%</b></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> leaving major doubt about the smokers intention to quit.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Returning to the weather forecast, if the weatherman predicts a <b>30%</b> chance of rain, we might not be too concerned that it will rain on our picnic, but we should be prepared because it could still rain that day.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">If the forecast is only for <b>25%</b>, few of us will worry, but there is still a (slim) chance that it might rain on our picnic nevertheless.</span></span><br />
<h2>
<span style="color: #660000; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;">Modal Verb Probability Chart</span></h2>
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span id="docs-internal-guid-2100ad11-2761-b779-1ac3-0451e675eeb6"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="color: #999999; font-size: large; line-height: 26px; white-space: pre-wrap;"> 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50%</span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 36px; white-space: pre-wrap;"> shall will want to must can may</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="line-height: 36px; white-space: pre-wrap;"> <span style="color: #999999;"> 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25%</span></span></span><span style="color: #999999; font-family: "arial"; line-height: 36px; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; line-height: 36px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-size: large;">should would would like to ought to could might</span></span><br />
<h4 style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; line-height: 36px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://englishinteractive.net/">englishinteractive.net</a></span></span></h4>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 36px; white-space: pre-wrap;">The chart above shows the relationships of probability among the modal verbs. The subjunctive partner of each indicative modal verb cuts its probability in half. </span><span style="line-height: 26px; white-space: pre-wrap;">When using modal verbs to express probability the relationships are somewhat different from the basic meanings. The basic meanings of "must" and "should" are quite close together when they both express obligation. If </span><span style="line-height: 26px; white-space: pre-wrap;">your parents tell you that you "should" behave, they are politely saying that you "must" behave. </span><span style="line-height: 26px; white-space: pre-wrap;">According to the probability chart, however, those two are far apart from each other, so they can't be used as synonyms of each other.</span><span style="line-height: 26px; white-space: pre-wrap;">If you suspect that a situation exists, the strongest probability that you can assign that suspicion is 70%. That is, the situation must exist. (- as far as you know - Otherwise, you could say that it does exist.) Saying "the situation should exist," at 50%, drops the probability a full 20% below "must exist," so it isn't interchangeable in this sense.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 26px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 26px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Something <b>must </b>be the matter with Molly today. She <b>may </b>be angry about something. She <b>could </b>be upset about her exams, but she <b>should </b>have passed them easily. She <b>can</b>'t be upset about her upcoming birthday, because she <b>should</b> be getting that car she wanted. She <b>must </b>be happy about that.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 26px; white-space: pre-wrap;">She <b>could </b>be upset about her computer. It <b>must </b>be broken again. She just had it repaired, so it <b>should </b>be working fine. </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; line-height: 26px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; line-height: 26px; white-space: pre-wrap;">To learn <a href="http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/modal-verbs-of-probability.html" target="_blank">more about the probability of modal verbs</a> and do some <a href="http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/modal-verbs-of-ability-exercise-1.html" target="_blank">practice exercises</a>, check out this article from </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 26px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Seonaid's <a href="http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/index.html" target="_blank">Perfect English Grammar</a> </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 26px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 26px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/english-grammar/verbs/modal-verbs/certain-probable-or-possible" target="_blank">Certain, probable, or possible</a></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><a href="http://usefulenglish.ru/grammar/modal-verbs-exercise-six" target="_blank">Modal Verb probability exercise</a></span><br />
<br />
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
Lizzcaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13594517939494231360noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4325501473054526170.post-29475353737286001202014-12-07T12:48:00.002-08:002014-12-08T17:48:02.014-08:00EnglishinteractiveI've updated my <a href="http://englishinteractive.net/">Directory of Free Resources for English Learners.</a><br />
<br />
I hope it's easy to find what you're looking for among the free exercises, lessons, tutorials, audio samples, and animation for learning and practicing English.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://englishinteractive.net/" target="_blank"><img alt="English Interactive" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXjyQTOv4Ry-fBgKDl3AR36ZRN981c9mlTsv6VbsgjU5F05mRguN8z-420WC8p6xUlDwMLy7Tcb3sPZcBheQSkEz3-T6xxSqwuEglGEFJdfuziNWZ7-fJqrnUYZ8P3UXWvSNIz9i0MV28E/s1600/EnglishInteractive.thumb.gif" height="176" title="English Interactive" width="320" /></a></div>
Let me know if you have any problems.Lizzcaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13594517939494231360noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4325501473054526170.post-27630659283796542302014-05-26T12:39:00.001-07:002014-12-08T16:29:31.483-08:00History of English<div style="text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/H3r9bOkYW9s" width="480"></iframe></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Quick and comical, but it is also accurate and interesting.</span></div>
Lizzcaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13594517939494231360noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4325501473054526170.post-50587865847752572342014-04-19T13:06:00.000-07:002014-12-08T14:18:58.750-08:00Skills you need<h4>
<a href="http://www.skillsyouneed.com/" target="_blank">Skills you need</a></h4>
This is a very useful site. I recommend reading every page.<br />
<a href="http://www.skillsyouneed.com/">http://www.skillsyouneed.com/</a>Lizzcaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13594517939494231360noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4325501473054526170.post-72543501647734051652013-02-20T11:14:00.000-08:002014-12-08T16:31:09.187-08:00Spellchecker Poem<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixkmGJvIt7oS-oJSOji5YWTJUVsoBH-NABwtd6LwzqZJdyEU6FPEAOK73xOkB9BoGR_pM8sIEXJ42gBczRQRNpTb2rUr0cSdWlcgK-Y2VdkOcyaJqvqVlcswByOFTzzC2p62bmYguyi0gJ/s1600/spellchecker-poem.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="All of these words are spelled wrong." border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixkmGJvIt7oS-oJSOji5YWTJUVsoBH-NABwtd6LwzqZJdyEU6FPEAOK73xOkB9BoGR_pM8sIEXJ42gBczRQRNpTb2rUr0cSdWlcgK-Y2VdkOcyaJqvqVlcswByOFTzzC2p62bmYguyi0gJ/s320/spellchecker-poem.jpg" height="320" title="Spellchecker" width="229" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">All of these words are spelled wrong, but the spellchecker thinks they are fine.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />Lizzcaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13594517939494231360noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4325501473054526170.post-7829801788742937022012-04-03T16:12:00.001-07:002014-12-08T16:30:43.751-08:00Why commas are important<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://i.imgur.com/5LdZT.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://i.imgur.com/5LdZT.jpg" height="320" width="244" /></a></div>
Lizzcaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13594517939494231360noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4325501473054526170.post-52605477426769546382012-02-03T11:02:00.000-08:002014-12-08T14:19:59.066-08:00Animated Poetry<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/222ASUolqwY" width="420"></iframe>Lizzcaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13594517939494231360noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4325501473054526170.post-68975520161329095282011-04-26T15:31:00.000-07:002011-04-26T15:31:48.441-07:00Digital Dialects language learning games<div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #990000;"><b>Hvernig hefur þú það? - Ég skil ekki.</b></span></div><div><i>How are you? - I don't understand.</i> <i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #660000;">(Icelandic)</span></i></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #660000;"><i><br />
</i></span></div><a href="http://www.digitaldialects.com/">Digital Dialects language learning games</a>Lizzcaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13594517939494231360noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4325501473054526170.post-9034121253622582282011-03-31T20:10:00.000-07:002014-12-08T18:20:06.853-08:00List of paradoxes<div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Nosmokingtray.jpg/220px-Nosmokingtray.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Nosmokingtray.jpg/220px-Nosmokingtray.jpg" /></a></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #0b5394;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronius" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; text-decoration: none;">Petronius</a>'s Paradox:</span> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130;"><b> Practice moderation in all things. Including moderation.</b></span></span></div>
Lizzcaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13594517939494231360noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4325501473054526170.post-44795111013247177522011-03-25T13:52:00.000-07:002011-03-25T13:52:12.933-07:0010 Ways to Support English Language Learning With The New York Times - NYTimes.com<a href="http://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/06/07/10-ways-to-support-english-language-learning-with-the-new-york-times/">10 Ways to Support English Language Learning With The New York Times - NYTimes.com</a>Lizzcaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13594517939494231360noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4325501473054526170.post-75752988972692031292010-12-09T14:08:00.000-08:002014-12-09T15:55:23.568-08:00Emboucher<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Through the coverture of the miniature aperture, </span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The amateur admired her curvature. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">As a connoisseur of her pedicure, </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">He likened this plat du jour with haute couture, </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">But this being Yom Kippur, he demured </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">And reassured her that, while his overture was premature,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">His love for her, to be sure, paramour, was geniture.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 38.25pt 301.5pt;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">He was, however, insecure. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 38.25pt 301.5pt;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Seeing her allure </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 38.25pt 301.5pt;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Wrapped only in fur, </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 38.25pt 301.5pt;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">He warmed to a Reaumur temperature. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 38.25pt 301.5pt;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Turning the color of green manure, </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 38.25pt 301.5pt;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">He wasn’t a pretty portraiture. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 38.25pt 301.5pt;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">He could only imagine his emboucher </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 38.25pt 301.5pt;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Fast on her garnitured cynosure, </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 38.25pt 301.5pt;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Manicured just as many are, </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 38.25pt 301.5pt;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">And tasting her signature epicure.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 38.25pt 301.5pt;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">He pondered how many men ever were</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 38.25pt 301.5pt;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Permitted the singular adventure</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 38.25pt 301.5pt;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Of venturing lips to her manicure.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 38.25pt 301.5pt;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #4c1130; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">by Lizz Caplan <i>and Merriam-Webster</i></span></div>
</div>
</div>
Lizzcaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13594517939494231360noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4325501473054526170.post-88714722504069776132010-11-19T18:36:00.000-08:002014-12-09T15:36:01.683-08:00Really!?! with Seth and Amy<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #073763;">All the uses of "<i><b>really</b></i>" along with some really sordid news.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #073763;"> </span>Video clips from SNL's News Update</span><br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.hulu.com/watch/96392/saturday-night-live-update-thursday-really">Kanye West</a></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.hulu.com/watch/19053/saturday-night-live-really-with-seth-and-amy-sen-craig">Senator Craig</a></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.hulu.com/watch/56636/saturday-night-live-really-michael-phelps">Michael Phelps</a></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.hulu.com/watch/48720/saturday-night-live-really--gov-blagojevich">Governor Blagojevich</a></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.hulu.com/watch/13828/saturday-night-live-really-with-seth-and-amy">Governor Spitzer</a></span></li>
</ul>
Lizzcaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13594517939494231360noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4325501473054526170.post-80695704193446447522010-04-15T15:05:00.001-07:002014-12-07T16:48:09.849-08:00Word of the Day<div style="font-size: larger; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 2px;">
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<br clear="all" />Lizzcaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13594517939494231360noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4325501473054526170.post-34557786401146738812010-01-26T13:41:00.000-08:002014-12-08T18:21:12.442-08:00Japanese Table Manners vs. American<object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/rgPtMB7KfLA&hl=en_US&fs=1&"></param>
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<embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/rgPtMB7KfLA&hl=en_US&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object>Lizzcaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13594517939494231360noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4325501473054526170.post-19422262267576217602009-12-03T17:01:00.001-08:002009-12-03T17:01:51.272-08:0025 types of coworkersIn-depth vocabulary for the workplace.Lizzcaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13594517939494231360noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4325501473054526170.post-61045120422299733362009-10-24T13:02:00.000-07:002009-10-24T13:07:38.779-07:00Knot Eye<a style="color:black; text-decoration:none; text-align:center;" href="http://www.imagekind.com/showartwork.aspx?IMID=394062f8-a315-412a-9f15-bfa7bf4f75ac"><img alt="Knot Eye by Shawn McDonald" src="http://thumbs.imagekind.com/member/f746e2aa-0837-4d7f-af59-202d78387d5b/uploadedartwork/200X200/394062f8-a315-412a-9f15-bfa7bf4f75ac.jpg" /></a>Lizzcaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13594517939494231360noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4325501473054526170.post-4949180242984622682009-07-24T11:25:00.000-07:002014-12-08T14:25:55.173-08:00What noise annoys an oyster?<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #993399;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">A noisy noise annoys an oyster.</span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #cc0000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"> ə noi zi noi zə noi zə noi stər</span></span></b></o:p></div>
Lizzcaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13594517939494231360noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4325501473054526170.post-37388811223394583152009-03-16T13:03:00.000-07:002014-12-08T16:22:58.601-08:00Raffaello Sanzio's "Sistene Madonna"<div style="margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;">
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Lizzcaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13594517939494231360noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4325501473054526170.post-36620593325148476342009-03-11T17:33:00.000-07:002014-12-08T14:22:08.556-08:00Words<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13px;"></span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13px;">My word!</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13px;">May I have a word with you?</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13px;">We had words.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13px;">What's the word?</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13px;">The word is plastic.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13px;">Mum's the word.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13px;">I give you my word.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: 13px;">Don't break your word.</span></div>
Lizzcaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13594517939494231360noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4325501473054526170.post-92036523913833595022009-03-09T13:28:00.000-07:002014-12-08T14:23:12.032-08:00Shakespeare's Sonnet XV<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #330000;">When I consider every thing that grows<br />Holds in perfection but a little moment,<br />That this huge stage presenteth nought but shows<br />Whereon the stars in secret influence comment;<br />When I perceive that men as plants increase,<br />Cheered and cheque'd even by the self-same sky,<br />Vaunt in their youthful sap, at height decrease,<br />And wear their brave state out of memory;<br />Then the conceit of this inconstant stay<br />Sets you most rich in youth before my sight,<br />Where wasteful Time debateth with Decay,<br />To change your day of youth to sullied night;<br />And all in war with Time for love of you,<br />As he takes from you, I engraft you new.</span>Lizzcaphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13594517939494231360noreply@blogger.com1